Imagine asking students to write a research paper without teaching them how to write an introduction, body and conclusion first. How about writing the equation of the quadratic formula on the board, and just giving students a set of problems to start solving with no prior instruction?
These types of tasks are nearly impossible for students if teachers do not break up the learning process into small chunks aimed at meeting the students where they are and then building on them to create new knowledge, otherwise known as scaffolding.
Meeting with several teachers recently calls to mind a couple of instances that serve as a useful reminder why scaffolding not only applies to teaching content, but is also imperative to employ when introducing new technology into the classroom. I want to share experiences from two teachers that I work with and demonstrate how scaffolding would apply to each situation.
Teacher Experiences
The first experience I want to share is about a teacher that I met with that expressed concern about the students not wanting to take notes on their laptops using OneNote. The teacher noted that many of the students did not know how to use the stylus and that they were falling behind when taking notes.
In turn, the students resorted to the old paper and pencil route. However, when the teacher was asked if they had given the students time to get to know their device, or practice using the stylus, the answer was no. In another instance with a different teacher, we talked about not having enough time to teach students how to use technology in addition to teaching the content.
Feeling pressure to utilize the latest and greatest websites, this teacher asked the students to create a presentation using “Prezi” as the culminating activity for a project. Many of the students had never used Prezi before and had no idea where to begin. This resulted in some students becoming easily frustrated and more focused on the technology then the content.
Although these situations at first glance could be perceived as upsetting for the teachers, or even somewhat of a drawback to technology integration, they actually were quite valuable experiences. In both cases, the concept of scaffolding as it applies to technology integration was proposed as a solution.
After much thought and reflection, these teachers took a step back to reevaluate their approach. What they realized was that scaffolding was so common place when teaching content, it did not occur to them to apply this strategy to introducing new technology. This happens easily because we assume that our students are so tech savvy to begin with.
How to Apply Scaffolding
Let’s address the first instance where students were not taking notes on their laptops. Whether it’s some type of hands on manipulative in Math or a map in Social Science, it’s always a good idea to give students some time to “play” with it before using it in class. Computers, websites, or new applications are no different.
Helpful Hint: Never assume that your students know how to do anything when it come to technology.
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Activities to complete |
Scaffolding of skills in OneNote |
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· Begin by giving students some free time get to know OneNote. Introduce them to the drawing feature (“Draw”) and let them go to town. (5-10 minutes) |
· Using the stylus to write/draw · Changing colors · Inserting shapes · Highlighting · Erasing |
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· Then start providing them with some structure. Show them the “Home” ribbon and explain how it is similar to Microsoft Word since there is a good chance the students are familiar with that program. |
· All of the above · Change font · Change font size · Change font color · Bold, italicize, underline · Copy/paste |
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· Next, give them a series of small tasks to complete in OneNote. For example… o Have them create a “Personal” binder by creating it from scratch. o They will create 3 tabs along the top. § Tab 1 – Biography § Tab 2 – Interests/Hobbies § Tab 3 – Pictures o Finally, show the students how to share binders and ask them to share their personal binder with another student in class. |
· All of the above · Binder creation · Creating tabs/pages · Typing in OneNote · Inserting pictures · Sharing binders |
As you can see, the activities break up the learning process of OneNote into small chunks aimed at meeting the students where they are and then building on them to create new knowledge/skills which will eventually prepare them for taking notes every day in class.
Taking time to do an activity like this will eliminate problems in the future, allow teachers to use instructional time more effectively and provide a better learning experience for the students. The scaffolding of skills in the column on the right builds upon each other to increase the students’ proficiency. Here is another way of visualizing the scaffolding taking place.
Overall this turned out to be an extremely positive learning experience for our teachers. After revisiting the concept of scaffolding and applying it to technology integration, these teachers are feeling confident and excited in their approach going forward.
This is a first look in a series of posts that will address the importance of scaffolding in technology integration. What is an example of a time where you could have applied scaffolding to introduce technology into the classroom for your students?


My problem with all this, is that while all this stuff is fun for the teachers, as they do not have to actually teach, and they feel they are all high-techie and everything… and some students will have fun, too, YET, we are leaving the majority of students behind…
Although, looking at where the world is going in a geopolitical sense, I agree that the “dumbing down of our schools”, and our population, is an essential thing for the future. In the year 2025, I think we will need a lot more good old fashioned cannon fodder and labourers, and far far fewer eggheads. The end of cheap energy, the onset of unstoppable climate change (Largely due to cycles in the Earth and the Sun), the end to the easy and cheap access of resources, and the vast population demographic changes that are about to hit us will ensure that…. Too many people on too small a planet…. I am reminded of the fruit fly experiments of the 1970′s, and how the researchers were all dismayed, when the canned colonies died, when the bugs destroyed their environments.
Now, I come from the world of business. And I ask, how many businesses, actually, for example, use Prezi a lot?
Most use Powerpoint, because they can import art they touched up from MS Paint, and charts, graphs, table and spreadsheets direct from Excel. They can also import documents, tables, text and so forth straight from Word. Then they can import other things from Publisher. Moreover, all of it is view-able, sometimes editable, and generally always printable. Everything is from the same suite of programs. What are the kids to do when they graduate… and hit the real world? Rather than have them be semi-capable in a dozen software programs, all which essentially do the same thing, it might be better to have them be fairly expert at one or two. The same could be said for One Note, although it may be more prevalent. The problem here is that there are a dozen versions of each program out there….. And the newer versions are not necessarily better than the old ones.
The issue, is that the kids are spending more time learning how to use gadgets that will be obsolete in 2-3 years, and little time in actually learning facts, processes, methods, and procedures that they may need to be able to use later on in life. Of course, we would have to be able to determine what they will actually use later on in life. That is, what they will actually earn a living from, and participate in society from…. The stuff everyone uses and needs, from balancing a checkbook, to doing a quick home budget, from doing ones own income tax return, to knowing how to paint a wall, and how should one completely finish a regimen of antibiotics a doctor prescribes. (Just to name a few I have sen people graduate from school totally ignorant of.)
Unless you are going to be a scientist or a biologist, knowing how to dissect a frog, is kinda useless. Knowing how to decant, is useful, I have done it many times, but in 56 years, outside of high-school, I never have had to titrate a single thing. History was fun, but completely useless and un-necessary. I never earned a dime from any of it. (For my fellow students it was worse, they were bored to tears.) What little music they tried to teach me, drove any enjoyment of it away from me for years. I had no talent, no aptitude, no interest, and was tortured for 2 years by sadistical little penguin nuns. Most of my fellow students felt the same. We had 2 or 3 kids in class who had any interest in it, and they could actually play an instrument, and knew more than the teachers did. We would have been better of being taught something else, anything else. Art? That was a waste. We were told to draw a friggin old boot that sat on a stool on a table. I had expected to learn about famous artists and sculptors. That never happened. My loss. The $50 art kit we were required to buy, was never used. (Bummer!) I got much more out of a grade 12 RESPLAN class, where I learned how to draw basic floor plans. That at least got me a job for 2 years some 30 years later. Clearly, the challenge then, is finding just WHAT one should teach kids.
Hopefully readin’, writin’, and ‘rithmetic will be part of it, because kids today cannot write or compose to save their lives. THey also cannot make change for a $20. They can do crude videos on their cell phones. Is this what the world of tomorrow’s work will entail?
Text speak and tweetspeak? “U no Ur no 2 bit dude >8&” Clearly, this is not Shakespeare.
Definitely, slow scaffolding, the building up on existing knowledge of facts and procedures, and going slow with gadgets and software is the way to go. And most of these things are complicated to use. Perhaps (probably) the teachers were not well trained in advance…. One must learn how to crawl, then walk, then run. You cannot expect anyone, child or adult, to be immediately familiar with some gadget, just because it is the latest thing. Too much time an emphasis gets spent on the gadgets, and not on learning, or on the more important aspects: retaining, and understanding. Clearly, the school boards and teachers were way out of their league and depth, and the salesmen saw them coming…
One would think that people who were supposedly trained in teaching, and knew how, and had experience, would have started slow, and taken care to ensure that the students could actually use these toys. “Too soon, too much, too fast…” I have seen that sort of thing happen before. And both in education and outside of education. Sometimes one must plan a little before one acts.
“teach a kid stuff, he will pass exams, teach him/her to learn, he learns for life” to paraphrase some old saying…. it is not the technology that should be the focus, but the skill to learn using current technology, any technology… my two cents’ worth…
Dude, Go listen to Johnny Cash singing, “What is Truth?’
I agree with Pete
It doesn’t sound like and long term transferable skills are being engaged here.
I do agree with chunk learning, but the learning research reflects if its not personalized and reinforced over time long term, learning, transfer and application will not occur.
Technology for technology sake is useless for long term learning, which is what needs to happen.
The pedagogy must change from short term initial understanding to long term, learning, transfer and application for critical must know information (STEM) if our students are to be college ready and independent, productive members of society.
Wow Pete. You sound angry with the “kids these days”. Your Grandparents lamented the dumbing down of your parents generation too. Y had to learn to type through typing class write? How many lines of asdf jkl; did you make? I recall lots of learning to use technology. A pencil in kindergarten, an eraser in first grade, a protractor…. Every generation has their scaffold learning needs to address the tools of the day. Take a deep breath Pete.it will be okay.
Mr.Patnoudes,
What a wonderful approach to learning!!! If we truly allow students to CONFIDENTLY learn small segments of Science,Math, English etc… while at the same time building and utilizing their Technology skills, then we are TRULY ENABLING them to gain academic SUCCESS at their OWN learning pace!! WE ARE ALLOWING OUR STUDENTS ULTIMATELY TO LEARN AND POSITIVELY APPLY THESE NEW CONCEPTS, WITH TECHNOLOGY PLAYING A KEY FUNDAMENTAL ROLE!!! THANK YOU FOR SHARING YOUR AMAZING INSIGHTS,SIR!!! I certainly hope that many educators who read this article, proactively incorporate this unique approach into their daily lesson planning!!! ALL STUDENTS WILL BENEFIT GREATLY!!